60 pages • 2 hours read
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Content Warning: This section of the guide includes discussion of death, child abuse, pregnancy loss, and animal death.
The novel’s primary protagonist and first-person narrator, Ben, is a 39-year-old orthopedic surgeon from Florida. He’s an avid hiker who often spends his free time finding difficult mountains to explore. In high school, he was a state champion and state record holder in track and field, primarily specializing in long-distance running. He married his high school sweetheart, Rachel, and they spent more than 15 years together before she passed away while pregnant with his twin children.
Ben has a complex history with his father, who forced him to run six miles each morning and work out to become a better athlete. Ben notes how “so much of what [he is], [his father] made. Forged it in [him]. […] But Dad used pain to rid [Ben] of pain. Leaving [him] empty and hurting” (53). His father was emotionally abusive toward Ben and became physically abusive after Ben failed to break a four-minute time in his final high school race; however, Ben respects the dedication and hard work that his father instilled in him.
Ben’s physical and mental conditioning, including his survival knowledge and clinical thinking, are the primary reasons why he and Ashley survive their ordeal in the wilderness. From the beginning, Ben assesses their situation carefully and makes decisions based on what’s best for them. For example, he ignores his own pain and forgoes using painkillers, recognizing that Ashley is more in need of them than he is. He makes intelligent decisions like writing the GPS data on a piece of paper (knowing that it will soon die) and recognizing the effects of the high altitude on their bodies. He catches food for them, practicing with the fishing gear and the crossbow to sharpen his skills.
In addition to his intelligence, his physical strength is a major factor in their survival. Ben survives several days with three fractured ribs, ignoring the pain to protect Ashley and ensure their survival. His character thematically conveys The Resilience of the Human Spirit. Each time it feels like they’re trapped—when they’re forced to return to the wreckage due to the storm, when the sled and his snowshoes break, and when he’s pushed beyond exhaustion—he uses his perseverance and physical strength to continue, ultimately getting them to safety.
A dynamic character, Ben changes throughout the text. Despite his mental fortitude and physical strength, he struggles to convey his feelings and thoughts to Ashley. Despite repeated pressure from her to talk about Rachel, he repeatedly brushes her off, unable to find the words to express what happened and discuss his growing feelings for Ashley. As a result, the recorder that he uses—which narrates the flashbacks in the novel—serves as a coping mechanism for Ben, allowing him to work through problems in the wilderness while also processing his thoughts and emotions. The source of Ben’s struggle is the trauma he experienced with Rachel. After she had a placental abruption during her pregnancy, Ben refused to listen to her desire to continue the pregnancy. Instead, he called her “selfish” and then angrily left the house (252); she died before he saw her again. Ben spent the next four years fixated on his guilt over her death. He built a shrine to her and their unborn children, records hours of messages for her, and hides the truth from Ashley in the wilderness.
Through his relationship with Ashley, Ben learns to move on from his grief and trauma over Rachel’s death. His decision to go to Ashley’s wedding and record a message for her, explaining how he feels, conveys this change. While he still mourns the loss of his wife, he’s finally able to move forward and start a new relationship with Ashley, beginning his journey of healing from his trauma.
The novel’s second protagonist is Ashley, a 34-year-old magazine column writer from Atlanta, Georgia. She’s in Salt Lake City because she’s on her way home from writing a fashion column. It’s the weekend of her wedding to her fiancé, Vince.
One of Ashley’s primary character traits is her strength. As a former taekwondo state champion, she’s physically strong. She uses that strength to survive a fractured leg, dislocated shoulder, and head injury after their crash in the wilderness. Additionally, she’s mentally strong: Ben notes how her humorous nature persists despite everything she has been through. While Ben’s knowledge is significant to their survival, Ashley’s strength is likewise important to their survival in several key moments. In the first, she crawls from her bed despite her severe injury to shoot the flare gun that allows Ben to see the crosshairs on the crossbow to kill the mountain lion. Then, when Ben repeatedly passes out from exhaustion on their journey to the cabin, she tends the fire and ensures their survival. Finally, when Ben flips the sled and ends up buried in the snow, she uses the last of her strength to pull him out, despite her refractured leg. These moments emphasize Ashley’s resilience.
Ashley is a crucial part of Ben’s change in the novel. Throughout, she encourages him to talk about his relationship with Rachel despite his struggle to do so. Additionally, she’s essential to Ben’s ability to let go of his guilt over Rachel’s death. Instead of directly confronting him about what happened or forcing him into a relationship with her, she gives him space to make his own decisions while being there to support him. When Ben expresses his feelings for her, her first act is to ask to meet Rachel and his children, conveying the support that she has for him and his history. Ultimately, Ashley’s love allows him to heal from his past with Rachel, moving forward to a new relationship with her.
In addition, Ashley makes her own change. From the start of the novel, she’s unsure about her feelings for Vince. In the plane, she asks Grover and Ben questions about their marriages, making it clear that she’s unsure about her own upcoming marriage. When Ben asks what she misses about Vince, she explains, “I miss his cappuccino maker, and the smell of his Mercedes, and the sparse cleanliness of his bachelor’s penthouse…the view off the balcony at night” (248). As Ben notes, “she had told [him] very little about Vince” (248), thereby conveying her lack of true feelings for Vince. Then, when she records a message for Rachel, she explains that she never “believed” in a love like the one that Ben and Rachel have, instead choosing to settle with Vince because she’s “comfortable.” However, after meeting Ben and seeing his love for Rachel, Ashley changes her opinion on love. She chooses to call off her marriage to Vince, conveying her change. At the novel’s end, she’s committed to being happy and finding love for herself instead of settling.
Although the novel doesn’t reveal it until the end of the text, Ben’s wife, Rachel, died four years before events of the novel while pregnant with twins. Due to a placental abruption, she faced the decision to terminate her pregnancy for her own safety or risk her life to try to carry her children to term. Her death is a source of guilt for Ben, as he struggles for years with his decision to try to force Rachel to terminate her pregnancy. However, she’s also a primary source of motivation for Ben in the wilderness. The compass and the recorder that she gives him are two symbols that reflect their enduring love for each other and help him and Ashley survive.
Ben’s love for Rachel is a vital source of encouragement for him, conveying the theme of Hope as a Driving Force in Humanity. He records messages for her each day, remembering their life together and discussing the situation that he and Ashley find themselves in. He does so out of the hope of making it out of the wilderness and returning to her. In this way too, she’s vital to his survival, giving him a way to work through their problems while providing him with an emotional escape from his situation.
A private plane pilot, Grover offers to fly Ben and Ashley to Denver to find a commercial flight. When Ben finds him in the hangar, he’s practicing with his crossbow. He explains that he likes to fly clients on his plane because it gives him the opportunity to hunt and fish in remote places, which he enjoys. He has been married for most of his life to his wife, Gayle, and they have four children who are all older than Ben. He’s adamant that he’s happily married, telling Ben and Ashley that “[w]hen [Gayle] laughs…[he] smile[s]. And when she cries, tears roll down [his] cheeks. […] [He] wouldn’t trade that for…for nothing” (36). In this way, Grover is the first character in the text who introduces Ashley to the idea of true love. As she quizzes him about his marriage, it gives her insight into what marriage can be, instead of the form of settling that she’s using it for in marrying Vince.
Although Grover’s heart attack strands Ben and Ashley in the wilderness, he’s also a key component of their survival. First, he saves their lives when he lands the plane, and Ben notes how his flying skills allowed them to land safely and survive. Then, because of Grover’s hunting and fishing expeditions, Ben and Ashley have several key items that enable them to survive in the wilderness. His crossbow, lighter, and fishing gear give them the tools they need to find food and survive the harsh conditions.
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